Accessible Icon Buttons

Accessible Button Events

Building Forms with Accessibility in Mind

Headings and semantic structure for accessible web pages

Focus management using CSS, HTML, and JavaScript

What is the Accessibility Tree?

Intro to ARIA

How Visible vs. Hidden Elements Affect Keyboard/Screen Reader Users

Using the Voiceover screen reader to test for accessibility

Testing for Accessibility with the NVDA Screen Reader on Windows

Creating visual skip links in HTML and CSS

Accessible modal dialogs

Using the tabindex attribute for keyboard accessibility

Basic accessibility testing

Accessibility testing with axe-cli

Accessible animations with reduced motion

What is Accessible Name Calculation?

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Animations can make people sick, or worse! By adding animation toggles and listening in to the user's system preference for reducing motion on OSX and iOS, we can give them more control over our interfaces. Animation can be a safety issue; let's do something about it!

Warning: there is a flashing animation in the video.

In this lesson:
- [prefers-reduced-motion](https://webkit.org/blog/7551/responsive-design-for-motion/)

WCAG 2.1, Guideline 2.3: Seizure risks
- https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/?versions=2.0#qr-seizure-does-not-violate

Your Interactive Makes Me Sick
- https://source.opennews.org/articles/motion-sick/

Instructor: [00:00] Hey friends, today we're going to talk about accessible SVG animation, specifically giving users a cross-browser way to turn our animations off, because for users with vestibular disorder, motion sickness, or even a wicked hangover, animations can make people sick or worse. It could give someone a seizure and become a safety issue.

[00:19] The first thing we're going to do is add a button element. This will be a cross-browser mechanism to toggle our animation.

[00:26] I will give it an id of animation toggle and the text of toggle, a span with the word off in it, and then animation. Toggle off animation to start in our JavaScript program and toggle not only the state of the animation, but the text inside of our toggle button.

[00:43] We've got some SVG here. Let's go look at it in the browser real quick to see. We've got our toggle off animation button and these pulsating circles. I won't leave them up on the screen for too long, but we want to control this with this animation button. Later on, we're going to use the prefers reduced motion media query to respect the user's preference in iOS Safari and OSX Safari.

[01:06] In our JavaScript, we've got a few things set up already including an animating flag set to true. Now, you could pull in the default state of that flag from your favorite state library or a database. I'm using a static vanilla JavaScript file here to start.

[01:22] I've got a couple dom references for our animation target which is where our circles are animating, our animation toggle button and the span inside of that button. Let's go and add some JavaScript to bind a click handler to our button. I will say toggle button, add event listener, add a click. Since it's a native button element, we can accessibly add this handler.

[01:48] In our toggle button handler function, we will check if the animating flag is set to true. Then we're going to disable the animation using a separate function we will write in a second. That way we can call these functions separately. The business logic will be separate from actual click handler.

[02:09] Now, we'll have an enable animation function. In our disable animation function, we're going to toggle that button's text using the text content property. We will change it to on. We'll have our animation target, its class list.

[02:32] We're going to add a CSS class of no-animate. That will give us a CSS hook to react to these changes. We're going to change our animating flag to false.

[02:45] In our enable animation function, we'll do the inverse of all that, so toggle button text, text content we'll set that back to off. The animation target, we'll target its class list and remove that no-animate class.

[03:05] Then we'll change our animating flag back to true. What's nice about this is we can disable and enable from various scenarios.

[03:16] If we look at our CSS for this, I'm writing Sass but this compiles to real CSS that I'm then referencing in the browser. Our animation toggle, I have overridden the default style of this button.

[03:28] Our animation target is a 400 by 600 div and then it has these pulsating circles inside with an animation of pulse. It's got a cubic Bézier easing function.

[03:42] It transforms the size and opacity of these circles on this animation. If we go back to the browser, we've got our little toggle on and off animation, but it's not actually being controlled with CSS yet, so we need to go and override some of these styles. I'm actually going to write a mix-in, so that this is reusable. This mix-in is going to be called noAnimate.

[04:08] We've got a couple of things in here that are animating, including the pulse and the circle. I believe it might actually just be the circle, but that's OK.

[04:17] We'll say animation non-important. Now, this is like the last resort. If the user doesn't want animation because of the safety issue, we want to override any other specific CSS.

[04:29] Normally, I wouldn't recommend using the important flag, but in this case, the user really doesn't want to see animation. Our circle animation, we're going to set some styles so that we have a nice animation end state, without it actually having to transition.

[04:47] I'm going to transform some of these circles to various sizes that would normally be done with the animation itself. I've got a couple of circles. I'm using nth child to get the second and third ones. I'm setting various opacities, just so that it's got a nice default state when you have animation turned off.

[05:14] Otherwise, it looks like nothing's happening. We've got our nth child of three. This is the last one. We'll give it half opacity, and transform its scale to be half.

[05:32] We've got a .25, a .75, and a .05. They have some nice opacity and some nice scale.

[05:40] Then we're going to, in our noAnimate class, I'm just going to include that noAnimate mix-in. I'm going to reuse that in a second. That way, we've got our noAnimate class. It will compile all of this CSS to land inside of our noAnimate class.

[05:58] Now if we got to our browser and I toggle off this animation, we get the final state, and it looks nice, but it's not transitioning and making people sick. If we turn it back on, it'll start over. That's working well.

[06:12] One thing I want to do, before we move onto to prefers reduce motion, is store this in localStorage. If the user turns off the animation, they leave and come back, in their local storage it will remember what they have selected.

[06:28] In our disableAnimation function, I'm going to say localStorage.setItem. We'll say animating, just set to false. You could do this with a cookie, if you wanted. There's different ways. I'm just using localStorage today, because it's easy.

[06:47] You could even check if it exists before you add it. There's lots of different ways that you could handle this. We've got an animating set to a string of true or false, depending if we've disabled or enabled the animation.

[06:59] What that does for us is then on page load, I can say in localStorage.getItem animating, if it exists, and it's set to a string of false, then I can disable animation using that function that we created. Now, if I toggle this, and I hit refresh, it remembers. It remembers that state, so the user won't be assaulted with our animating circles, if that's what they chose.

[07:27] Now, we're going to go one step further. I'm going to show you a setting in the system preferences.

[07:35] In OSX and iOS Safari, we can actually listen into the system preferences. Under Accessibility in OSX, there's this reduce motion setting. It doesn't affect Chrome currently, but in Safari, if we've checked that setting, that means that we can actually respond to that in CSS.

[07:54] In our CSS, I'm going to write @media. Then in parentheses, I will say, "Prefers reduced motion." Inside of here, I could then include our noAnimate class. It will, in Sass, go and print all of that good stuff that we wrote above.

[08:15] I'm also going to one step further and say animation toggle, that button, they don't really need to toggle it. If that's not going to control the animation, we're just going to go ahead and hide that toggle button, because it's not really relevant anymore.

[08:30] In Chrome, we've still got our toggle, but in Safari, it just shows the end state of that animation, and our toggle button goes away. If I go back into the system preferences and turn that setting on and off, then it sets it back to the way it looked in Chrome on default.

[08:50] Regardless of what you're monkeying around with -- localStorage, cookies, or whatever -- this really listens to the user's preference. It works on both OSX and iOS Safari. Hopefully, more browsers soon.

[09:01] Between these two tools, you should be able to make an animation that gives the user more control, and doesn't make them sick or worse.

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Accessible animations with reduced motion

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